Based on the differential contributions of factor XIa to hemostasis vs. thrombosis, drugs targeting factor XI or factor XIa have been a focus of pharmaceutical companies in clinical trials looking for safer anticoagulants that will cause less severe bleeding. As these trials are ongoing, future studies will be important to understand the contributions of factor XI and factor XIa to not only normal and abnormal coagulation, but also to other (patho)physiological processes, which may be affected by these drugs.Â
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